ASP.NET Core 2.1单元测试项目不能运行报错问题

1、异常信息

运行测试失败，程序集加载异常如下：

System.IO.FileNotFoundException : Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore, Version=2.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'. The system cannot find the file specified.

当添加对其他库的引用时，还会有构建时警告信息如下：

warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.Extensions.Options" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features" that could not be resolved.

2、解决方案

ASP.NET Core 2.1使用一个新的“共享框架”来运行ASP.NET Core 应用程序。测试项目需要修改/更新，以使用以下方法之一使用这个共享框架:

1）在项目文件(.csproj)的第一行中更改测试项目的<Project>标记，以使用Web SDK（Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web而不是Microsoft.NET.Sdk）并将包引用添加到Microsoft.AspNetCore.App（或.All，如果您 在没有指定版本的情况下，在Web项目中使用它，测试项目的项目文件(.csproj)如下：

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing" Version="2.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
    <!-- other references to xunit, test SDK etc. -->
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\AspNetCoreAppToTest\AspNetCoreAppToTest.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

2）备选方案

保持Sdk不变，并向共享框架包中添加一个PackageReference，但要指定一个版本。这可以通过简单地向Microsoft.AspNetCore.App添加一个NuGet引用来实现。但是，这可能会导致问题，因为SDK可能会选择在ASP.NET Core的新补丁发布时，更新引用.NET Core发布，工具也更新了。需要为每个补丁版本更新NuGet引用。