示例效果：

'121 34 adsfd' -> ['121 34 adsfd']
'dsfsd and adfd' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
'dsfsd & adfd' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
'dsfsd - adfd' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
'dsfsd and adfd and adsfa' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd and adsfa']
'dsfsd and adfd - adsfa' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd - adsfa']
'dsfsd - adfd and adsfa' -> ['dsfsd - adfd ', ' adsfa']

实现方法：

def split_new(inp, delims):
    for d in delims:
        result = inp.split(d, maxsplit=1)
        if len(result) == 2: return result
    return [inp] 
strList= ['121 34 adsfd' , 'dsfsd and adfd', 'dsfsd & adfd' , 'dsfsd - adfd' , 'dsfsd and adfd and adsfa' , 'dsfsd and adfd - adsfa' , 'dsfsd - adfd and adsfa' ]
for t in strList:
    print(repr(t), '->', split_new(t, ['and', '&', '-']))

输出：

'121 34 adsfd' -> ['121 34 adsfd']
'dsfsd and adfd' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
'dsfsd & adfd' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
'dsfsd - adfd' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
'dsfsd and adfd and adsfa' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd and adsfa']
'dsfsd and adfd - adsfa' -> ['dsfsd ', ' adfd - adsfa']
'dsfsd - adfd and adsfa' -> ['dsfsd - adfd ', ' adsfa']

或者

import re
strList = [
    ["121 34 adsfd", ["121 34 adsfd"]],
    ["dsfsd and adfd", ["dsfsd ", " adfd"]],
    ["dsfsd & adfd", ["dsfsd ", " adfd"]],
    ["dsfsd - adfd", ["dsfsd ", " adfd"]],
    ["dsfsd and adfd and adsfa", ["dsfsd ", " adfd and adsfa"]],
    ["dsfsd and adfd - adsfa", ["dsfsd ", " adfd - adsfa"]],
    ["dsfsd - adfd and adsfa", ["dsfsd - adfd ", " adsfa"]],
]
for s, result in strList:
    res = re.split(r"and|&(?!.*and)|-(?!.*and|.*&)", s, maxsplit=1)
    print(res)
    assert res == result

输出：

['121 34 adsfd']
['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
['dsfsd ', ' adfd']
['dsfsd ', ' adfd and adsfa']
['dsfsd ', ' adfd - adsfa']
['dsfsd - adfd ', ' adsfa']