1、Oracle数据库
Oracle Database,又名Oracle RDBMS,或简称Oracle。是甲骨文公司的一款关系数据库管理系统。它是在数据库领域一直处于领先地位的产品。可以说Oracle数据库系统是世界上流行的关系数据库管理系统,系统可移植性好、使用方便、功能强,适用于各类大、中、小微机环境。它是一种高效率的、可靠性好的、适应高吞吐量的数据库方案。
2、安装Pony和cx_Oracle
cx_Oracle是一个Python扩展模块,允许访问Oracle数据库。它符合Python database API 2.0规范,增加了相当多的功能,也有一些例外。在Python 3.6到3.10版本中对cx_Oracle进行了测试。旧版本的cx_Oracle可以与以前的Python版本一起使用。可以将cx_Oracle与Oracle 11.2、12、18、19和21客户端库一起使用。Oracle的标准客户端-服务器版本的互操作性允许连接到新旧数据库。
1)使用pip安装Pony
pip install pony
2)安装数据库的驱动
pip install cx_Oracle
3、Pony Oracle常用操作
使用Pony ORM操作Oracle进行数据增加、删除、修改和查询,示例代码如下,
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function from decimal import Decimal from pony.orm import * db = Database() db.bind(provider='oracle', user='admin', password='admin', dsn='docker_oracle11') class Customer(db.Entity): id = PrimaryKey(int, auto=True) name = Required(str) email = Required(str, unique=True) orders = Set("OrderInfo") class OrderInfo(db.Entity): id = PrimaryKey(int, auto=True) total_price = Required(Decimal) customer = Required(Customer) items = Set("OrderItem") class Product(db.Entity): id = PrimaryKey(int, auto=True) name = Required(str) price = Required(Decimal) items = Set("OrderItem") class OrderItem(db.Entity): quantity = Required(int, default=1) order = Required(OrderInfo) product = Required(Product) PrimaryKey(order, product) sql_debug(True) db.generate_mapping(create_tables=True) @db_session def populate_database(): c1 = Customer(name='John Smith', email='john@example.com') c2 = Customer(name='Matthew Reed', email='matthew@example.com') c3 = Customer(name='Chuan Qin', email='chuanqin@example.com') c4 = Customer(name='Rebecca Lawson', email='rebecca@example.com') c5 = Customer(name='Oliver Blakey', email='oliver@example.com') p1 = Product(name='Kindle Fire HD', price=Decimal('284.00')) p2 = Product(name='Apple iPad with Retina Display', price=Decimal('478.50')) p3 = Product(name='SanDisk Cruzer 16 GB USB Flash Drive', price=Decimal('9.99')) p4 = Product(name='Kingston DataTraveler 16GB USB 2.0', price=Decimal('9.98')) p5 = Product(name='Samsung 840 Series 120GB SATA III SSD', price=Decimal('98.95')) p6 = Product(name='Crucial m4 256GB SSD SATA 6Gb/s', price=Decimal('188.67')) o1 = OrderInfo(customer=c1, total_price=Decimal('292.00')) OrderItem(order=o1, product=p1) OrderItem(order=o1, product=p4, quantity=2) o2 = OrderInfo(customer=c1, total_price=Decimal('478.50')) OrderItem(order=o2, product=p2) o3 = OrderInfo(customer=c2, total_price=Decimal('680.50')) OrderItem(order=o3, product=p2) OrderItem(order=o3, product=p4, quantity=2) OrderItem(order=o3, product=p6) o4 = OrderInfo(customer=c3, total_price=Decimal('99.80')) OrderItem(order=o4, product=p4, quantity=10) o5 = OrderInfo(customer=c4, total_price=Decimal('722.00')) OrderItem(order=o5, product=p1) OrderItem(order=o5, product=p2) commit() populate_database() #查询 @db_session def query(): print(select(p for p in Product if p.id==3)[:]) #多条数据会报错:pony.orm.core.MultipleObjectsFoundError: Multiple objects were found. Use Customer.select(...) to retrieve them #通过pk获取 print(Product[1].name) print(Customer.get(id=1).name) print(Customer.select(lambda c: c.id==1)[:][0].name) y = 1 print(Product.select_by_sql("SELECT * FROM Product WHERE id=$(y*2)")[0].name) @db_session def update(): c1 = Customer.get(id=1) c1.name="john" p1 = select(p for p in Product if p.id==3)[:][0] p1.name="cjavapy" c2 = Customer.get(id=2) #更新多个字段 #c.name="cjavapy" #c.email="cjavapy@gmail.com" c2.set(name="cjavapy",email="cjavapy@gmail.com") @db_session def delete(): p = Product[1] p.delete() # 或者: #delete(p for p in Product if p.id >=5) # 或: #使用bulk=True参数是一条delete语句批量删除,否则是先select满足条件数据,然后每次删除一个 Product.select(lambda p: p.id >=5).delete(bulk=True) query() update() delete()
注意:Pony连接Oracle数据库时,dsn
填写为tnsnames.ora
文件中数据库连接的配置名称。