Python大量多个列表(list)合并(合并有相同元素的列表)

示例：

[[1,2],[3,4,5],[0,4]]      合并后     [[1,2],[0,3,4,5]
[[1],[1,2],[0,2]]             合并后     [[0,1,2]]
[[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4]]    合并后     [[1,2,3,4]]

1、使用itertools中combinations合并

from itertools import combinations

def bfs(graph, start):
    visited, queue = set(), [start]
    while queue:
        vertex = queue.pop(0)
        if vertex not in visited:
            visited.add(vertex)
            queue.extend(graph[vertex] - visited)
    return visited

def connected_components(G):
    seen = set()
    for v in G:
        if v not in seen:
            c = set(bfs(G, v))
            yield c
            seen.update(c)

def graph(edge_list):
    result = {}
    for source, target in edge_list:
        result.setdefault(source, set()).add(target)
        result.setdefault(target, set()).add(source)
    return result

def concat(l):
    edges = []
    s = list(map(set, l))
    for i, j in combinations(range(len(s)), r=2):
        if s[i].intersection(s[j]):
            edges.append((i, j))
    G = graph(edges)
    result = []
    unassigned = list(range(len(s)))
    for component in connected_components(G):
        union = set().union(*(s[i] for i in component))
        result.append(sorted(union))
        unassigned = [i for i in unassigned if i not in component]
    result.extend(map(sorted, (s[i] for i in unassigned)))
    return result

print(concat([[1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [0, 4]]))
print(concat([[1], [1, 2], [0, 2]]))
print(concat([[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4]]))

输出：

[[0, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2]]
[[0, 1, 2]]
[[1, 2, 3, 4]]

2、使用networkx合并

import networkx as nx
l = [[1,2],[3,4,5],[0,4]]
#l = [[1],[1,2],[0,2]]
#l = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4]]
G = nx.Graph()
#将节点添加到Graph    
G.add_nodes_from(sum(l, []))
#从节点列表创建边
q = [[(s[i],s[i+1]) for i in range(len(s)-1)] for s in l]
for i in q:
    #向Graph添加边
    G.add_edges_from(i)
#查找每个组件的图形和列表节点中的所有连接组件
[list(i) for i in nx.connected_components(G)]

输出：

[[1, 2], [0, 3, 4, 5]]
#[[0, 1, 2]]
#[[1, 2, 3, 4]]